Let's say a Soviet exchange student back in the '70s would go back and tell the KGB about people and places and things that he'd seen and done and been involved with. This is not really espionage there's no betrayal of trust.
Espionage for the most part involves finding a person who knows something or has something that you can induce them secretly to give to you. That almost always involves a betrayal of trust.
There are so many things a large intelligence espionage organization can do to justify its existence that people can get promotions for because it could result in results.
Our Soviet espionage efforts had virtually never or had very seldom produced any worthwhile political or economic intelligence on the Soviet Union.
I found that our Soviet espionage efforts had virtually never or had very seldom produced any worthwhile political or economic intelligence on the Soviet Union.